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 | CYBER WEAPONS - A WEAPON OF WAR? By Maj Gen PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
The character of warfare has changed fundamentally over the last decade.
In the past, it was essential for an adversary nation or insurgent to physically
bring weapons to bear during combat. That requirement is no longer a
necessity. In cyber operations, the only weapons that need to be used are
bits and bytes. In this new era of warfare, logistics issues that often restrict
and limit conventional warfare and weaponry are not impediments. This
new weaponry moves at the speed of light, is ...Read more > | 61 Pages 1.83 MB |
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 | SOCIAL MEDIA IN VIOLENT CONFLICTS – RECENT EXAMPLES By Maj Gen PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
Alan Rusbridger, the then editor-in-chief of the Guardian in his 2010
Andrew Olle Media Lecture, stated, “News organisations still break lots
of news. But, increasingly, news happens first on Twitter. If you’re a regular
Twitter user, even if you’re in the news business and have access to wires,
the chances are that you’ll check out many rumours of breaking news on
Twitter first. ...Read more > | 51 Pages 1.87 MB |
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 | WATER SECURITY AS PART OF NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY: THREAT- IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIA By Maj Gen PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
Like oil or data, water is an integral part of the world’s economy. Although about 71
per cent of the earth’s surface is water-covered, the oceans hold about 96.5 percent of
all Earth’s water which is salt water. Freshwater, most of it is frozen in glaciers, accounts
for the rest. That leaves less than 1 per cent of the world’s water available to support
human and ecological processes. We withdraw 4.3 trillion cubic meters of freshwater
every year from the earth’s water basins. ...Read more > | 51 Pages 6.47 MB |
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 | CHINA’S CYBER-INFLUENCE OPERATIONS By Maj Gen PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
The digital era has transformed the way we communicate. Using social media
like Facebook and Instagram, and social applications such as WhatsApp and
Telegram, one can be in contact with friends and family, share pictures, videos,
messages, posts and share our experiences. Social media has become an effective
way of influencing human society and behavior, and shaping public opinion. By
sharing a post, tweeting an idea, contributing a discussion in a forum and sharing
a sentimental picture, ...Read more > | 86 Pages 2.52 MB |
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 | CHINA’S NUCLEAR AND MISSILE CAPABILITIES: AN OVERVIEW By Maj Gen PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
Since China first conducted a nuclear weapon test in 1964, its nuclear
doctrine has remained unchanged and is underpinned by two principles:
a minimum deterrent doctrine and a No First Use (NFU) policy. China’s
2019 defence white paper states, “China is always committed to a nuclear
policy of NFU of nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances,
and not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclearweapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones ...Read more > | 82 Pages 5.35 MB |
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 | LIMITED WAR AND NUCLEAR DETERRENCE PART I AND II By Major General PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
On 15 June 2020, in a brutal, savage skirmish,the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) used fists, rocks, rods, baton, spikes, knuckle-dusters, nail-studded clubs and wooden clubs wrapped in barbed wire at a post at Galwan on the
Indian side of Line of Actual Control(LAC) in
Ladakh sector at an altitude of 4,250 meters.
India lost a Commanding Officer of an infantry
battalion and 19 other ranks. China did not divulge its casualty figures. There is a famous saying that no two nuclear-powered ...Read more > | 30 Pages 904.35 KB |
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 | DEFINING CHINA’S INTELLIGENTIZED WARFARE AND ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE By Maj Gen PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
Marshal NV Ograkov, Chief of Staff of the Soviet Army in late 1970s-early 1980s gave
out the theory of Military Technical Revolution (MTR). In the wake of overwhelming
victory of coalition forces in Operation Desert Storm, net assessment specialists like
Andrew Marshal came out with the term Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA)
which basically evolved from earlier term MTR used by Soviet Military ...Read more > | 29 Pages 657.48 KB |
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 | ARMENIAN-AZERBAIJANI CONFLICT OVER NAGORNO-KARABAKH: GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS By Maj Gen P K Mallick, VSM (Retd)
Since the last days of the Soviet Union Armenia and Azerbaijan, the two states
have been locked in an intractable conflict over the disputed region of NagornoKarabakh. Nagorno-Karabakh, is an autonomous province of the former
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, a self-declared country
whose independence is not internationally recognised. Nagorno-Karabakh and
surrounding regions have seen periodic outbursts of violence in recent years, but
the current war is the most ...Read more > | 97 Pages 2.25 MB |
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 | CHINESE INTRANSIGENCE IN LADAKH: AN OVERVIEW By Major General PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
China and India are heirs to the two oldest
civilisations of the world. Both emerged in their
present form after World War II. India became
independent in 1947 and the People’s Republic of
China was founded in 1949. They share one of the
world’s longest borders, about 3488 kms, across
the Himalayas. Both are nuclear weapon states.
China’s missiles can reach anywhere in the world.
India’s latest Agni series missiles can reach Beijing
comfortably. On border issues there have ...Read more > | 12 Pages 3.47 MB |
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 | IS THE NAVAL BLOCKADE OF THE STRAITS OF MALACCA A REALISTIC OPTION FOR INDIA: AN ASSESSMENT By Major General PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
The Straits of Malacca is the shortest sea route
between Persian Gulf suppliers of oil and key
Asian markets. It links major economies such as
Middle East, China, Japan, South Korea, etc.
Being the 500 nautical mile funneled waterway, the
Strait is only 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) wide at its
narrowest point─ the Phillips Channel in the
Singapore Strait. The Strait is not deep enough to
accommodate some of the largest ships, mostly oil
tankers, but it is significant as through the ...Read more > | 9 Pages 577.54 KB |
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 | IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) CHANGING THE NATURE OF WAR? By Maj Gen P K Mallick, VSM (Retd)
The professional military body differentiates between an objective nature and a subjective
character of war by drawing upon Clausewitz. Nature of war describes what war is and character
of war describes how it is actually fought. Nature of war is violent, interactive between opposing
wills and fundamentally political. War’s character is influenced by technology, law, ethics, culture,
methods of social, political, and military organization and other factors that change across time
and ...Read more > | 9 Pages 99.19 KB |
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 | LOCUST INVASION IN INDIA By Maj Gen PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
It has been a double whammy. As the nation is reeling under the
effects of COVID-19 pandemic, India has to fight another menace:
locust invasion. Massive swarms of desert locusts have devoured
crops across seven states of western and central India including
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana, Maharashtra,
Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. The locust population might grow 400
times larger by end June 2020 and spread to new areas without
action. It would be disrupting food supply, ...Read more > | 31 Pages 2.06 MB |
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 | CYBER AND SPACE STRATEGY FOR INDIA By Maj Gen PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
The most significant event was the introduction of the information (IT) Act as early as 2000 and the promulgation of the National Cyber Security Policy by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology in 2013.The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) was established in 2004 and continues to act. ...Read more > | 1 Pages 1.01 MB |
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 | U.S. NATIONAL CYBER STRATEGY AND DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE (DOD) CYBER STRATEGY: AN ANALYSIS By Maj Gen PK Mallick, VSM (Retd)
The Trump Administration released the ‘National Cyber Strategy’ on 20 September
2018. Around the same time, the ‘Defense Department Cyber Strategy 2018’ was also
published. In the United States (U.S.), every government after taking over, announces some
important policies and or strategy documents. The present administration has already
released the ‘National Security Strategy’, the ‘National Defense Strategy’ and the ‘Nuclear
Posture Review’. The National Cyber Strategy ...Read more > | 20 Pages 1.38 MB |
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