1965 was a watershed in Indo-Pak history! The war instead of being dispassionately analysed became a ground to attack and condemn political opponents! Complete books were written out of sheer motivation based on pure and unadulterated venom! To date the trend continues at the cost of serious research and history writing! Most of these books were written by beneficiaries of the usurper Ayub or Bhutto haters! Men with a naive ...Read more >

Havelock said that "In philosophy,it is not the attainment of the goal that matters,it is the things that are met with by the way".So it is with war.The most important thing for the student of military history or the art of war is not whether a country lost or won the war but how it was fought,how units performed in action,how decisions were made in ...Read more >

The tribesmen were brought from the NWFP tribal areas on trucks requisitioned by Government of Pakistan and concentrated in Batrasi north-east of Abbottabad. The invasion was to commence from 20th October 1947 the main northern tribal force invading Kashmir under Khurshid Anwar on Abbottabad-Garhi Habibullah-MuzaffarabadSrinagar axis with a smaller auxiliary force advancing along Murree-Kohala-Muzaffarabad axis. ...Read more >

In March 1983, while enjoying my retirement in Varanasi, I was recalled to duty to compile the history of Indo-Pak war, 1971, which ended in a decisive victory for ...Read more >

The Indian National Congress had fought the Brithish for the establishment of a secular democratic polity. the Muslim league, on the other hand, had demanded a division of ...Read more >

The northern portion of the Rann was easily accessible from the side of Sind (Pakistan). There was also a road along the border on the Pakistani side, which was motorable during the dry ...Read more >

Pakistan evidently concluded from the brief successful military encounter with India in April 1965 over the Rann of kutch that a similar solution of the Kashmir ...Read more >

Pakistan had for some considerable time been raising a substantial irregular force trained in guerilla operations for launching aggression into jammu and Kashmir through large - scale ...Read more >

Operation Gibraltar, having failed, Pakistan put in her regular forces to the battle. Pakistan had already prepared itself for such an eventuality, after very careful ...Read more >

As already stated, Pakistan did not call off Grad Slam even when the security council for an immediate cease-fire on 4 September 1964. she even carried out an air raid on Amritsar the next ...Read more >

The newly created I Corps, commanded by Lt Gen P.O.Dunn, undertook operations in Samba - Jammu - Sialkot sector. This sector stretched between the Ravi and the Chenab ...Read more >

After the kutch crisis, the deployment of Pakistani forces opposite Rajasthan border was defensive, though a Pakistani infantry divisin was located in Hyderabad (Sind), which could create trouble in Rajasthan or in ...Read more >

The PAF had grown into a well equipped, highly trained force of about seventeen squadrons, i.e., two squadrons of B-57 bombers, one of F- 104 ...Read more >

As narrated in the earlier chapters, the 1965 War was planned neither by Pakistan nor India. One thing led to another in a process of spiraling ...Read more >

The time chosen for Pakistan attack against India, First through infiltration of armed men, and subsequently by full military action on 1 September 1965, was not favorable to her ...Read more >