Cyber and electromagnetic activities (CEMA) are interdependent and within the electromagnetic environment (EME). The EME will be contested by actors using both cyber and electromagnetic activity to achieve operational advantage. Digitisation has led to the convergence of cyber and information activities to such an extent that CEMA coordination across the joint force will be imperative for operational success. Freedom to flexibly use or to deny, degrade or constrain adversary access to the ...Read more >

The Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy (Integrated Review) concludes at an important moment for the United Kingdom. The world has changed considerably since the 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review, as has the UK’s place within it. Our departure from the European Union (EU) provides a unique opportunity to reconsider many aspects of our domestic and foreign policy, building on existing friendships but also looking further afield. ...Read more >

Since all armed forces are instruments of state policy and reflect its aspirations and vulnerabilities, al three services contribute jointly towords accomplishment of any ...Read more >

The UK faces threats from resurgent and developing powers, state and non-state actors, and violent extremism. A strategy of ‘political warfare’ is being used by our pacing threat (Russia), which is designed to undermine our cohesion, erode economic, political and social resilience, and challenge our strategic position in key regions of the world. The strategy does not ...Read more >

If we do not plan to engage in long wars and we do not plan to mobilize for the duration, then how should the Army change the way it thinks about the roles of the RC and how to utilize ...Read more >

Despite the plethora of works published on leadership, the truth behind Burns’ statement remains extant today. Trying to grasp the basics, let alone the subtleties, of leadership is made all the more complex by virtue of everyone having a view on the subject. The more senior the officer – or civil servant – the more convinced they are that their perceptions are the most ...Read more >

Threats consist of both the capabilities and the intent of potential or actual aggressors. Since 11 September, Usama bin Laden and his associates have made some statements of intent, and we continue to assess carefully their capabilities. We must take care not to draw conclusions from the events of 11 September that are too narrowly focused. The element of surprise was a key characteristic of those ...Read more >

Strategic Trends is an independent view of the future produced by the Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (DCDC), a Directorate General within the UK’s Ministry of Defence (MOD). It is a source document for the development of UK Defence ...Read more >

Over the last decade the UK has taken action to reduce its stockpile of nuclear warheads. Polaris - a submarine launched ballistic missile (SLBM) system - has been decommissioned; similarly the nuclear bombs that were in service with the RAF have been ...Read more >

Historically, new developments in communications systems have oscillated between wired and wireless. Early initiatives in Morse telegraphy and the wired telephone subsequently gave way to Marconi’s wireless telegraphy and then to voice. After the Second World War fixed wireless systems led the way providing higher capacity terrestrial and satellite radio links. Later networking led to the advent of the Internet and the interconnection of ...Read more >

Joint Operations Planning is about campaign planning in deployed multinational and national Joint Operations.1 It describes how planning activities and processes are integrated and co-ordinated to support decision-making and the production of plans, orders and ...Read more >

The public records of the United Kingdom date back to the 11th century and form a rich archive which is a part of our national heritage. The great wealth of documents and other records stored at The National Archives (TNA), located at Kew, have led to its recognition as one of the most significant archives in the ...Read more >

11 September 2001 is a day we will never forget. The unprovoked attacks on New York and Washington resulted in the loss of thousands of innocent ...Read more >

We are all very familiar with technology that operates on the micrometer scale (around one thousandth of a millimetre) since this is the province of microelectronics which has driven the information technology, electronics and ...Read more >