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 | MILITARY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS INVOLVING THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 2021 By OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
The Department of Defense (DoD) annual report to Congress on military and security
developments involving the People’s Republic of China (PRC) provides a baseline assessment
of the Department’s pacing challenge. The PRC has long viewed the United States as a
competitor and has characterized its view of strategic competition in terms of a rivalry among
powerful nation states, as well as a clash of opposing systems. As expressed in the Interim
National Security Strategic Guidance, ...Read more > | 192 Pages 4.49 MB |
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 | CHINESE MILITARY DYNAMICS AND EVOLVING STRATEGY: GRAPHIC NET ASSESSMENT By Anthony H. Cordesman
There is no simple way to introduce the challenges that China’s strategic presence and growing civil and military capabilities pose in competing with the
United States. China’s capability to compete at given levels has increased radically since 1980 in virtually every civil and military area, and China has set
broad goals for achieving strategic parity and superiority – although its timeframes and definitions of such goals are vague. Neither China nor the United
States has published ...Read more > | 224 Pages 18.34 MB |
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 | CALCULATING BULLY – EXPLAINING CHINESE COERCION By Ketian Zhang
Since 1990, China has used coercion for territorial disputes, foreign arms sales to Taiwan, and foreign leaders’ meetings with the Dalai Lama, despite adverse implications for its international image. China is also curiously selective in the timing, target, and tools of coercion: most cases of Chinese coercion are not military coercion, nor does China use coercion against all states that pose the same threats to its national security. The question regarding China’s coercion patterns– ...Read more > | 562 Pages 9.14 MB |
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 | THE PLA BEYOND BORDERS: CHINESE MILITARY OPERATIONS IN REGIONAL AND GLOBAL CONTEXT By Joel Wuthnow et al.
The past decade has witnessed a series of “firsts” in China’s demonstrated ability to deploy military units of various sizes and types far
from its own borders. In September 2012, the People’s Liberation
Army (PLA) Navy commissioned its first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, a ship
that made its maiden voyage into the Western Pacific in December 2016.1
In
September 2013, a PLA naval aviation H-6 ...Read more > | 371 Pages 3.31 MB |
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 | 70 YEARS OF THE PLA AIR FORCE By Kenneth W. Allen and Cristina L. Garafola
First, I want to provide information in a single unclassified source for United States Air Force (USAF) personnel
who have the opportunity to engage China’s People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) in military diplomacy
either in China or in the U.S. and for anyone else who is looking at the PLAAF for multiple reasons.
Second, I want to write about the five things I care the most about, which are PLAAF organizational structure,
personnel (officer/cadre corps and enlisted force), ...Read more > | 474 Pages 4.84 MB |
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 | CHINA’S BALLISTIC MISSILE INDUSTRY By China Aerospace Studies Institute
Ballistic missiles are one of the most prominent parts of China’s growing arsenal of advanced weapons. CCP
General Secretary Xi Jinping has described the PLA Rocket Force (PLARF) [中国解放军火箭军], primary
operator of China’s missile forces, as the “core force of China’s strategic deterrence, the strategic support of
China’s status as a major power, and an important cornerstone of safeguarding national security…the Rocket
Force has played an irreplaceable role in ...Read more > | 89 Pages 6.93 MB |
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 | AFTER XI : FUTURE SCENARIOS FOR LEADERSHIP SUCCESSION IN POST-XI JINPING ERA By Richard McGregor, Jude Blanchette
After nearly nine years in office, Xi Jinping now stands as the overwhelmingly dominant figure in
China’s political system, having gained command of the military, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
apparatus, and diplomatic and economic policymaking, all while sidelining or locking up rivals to his
leadership. His drive for power, however, has destabilized elite political consensus and dismantled
power-sharing norms that evolved since the 1980s. By removing de jure term limits on the ...Read more > | 30 Pages 4.16 MB |
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 | HOW THE IDEOLOGY OF ‘QUALITY’ PROTECTS CIVIL SOCIETY IN XI JINPING’S CHINA By Carolyn L. Hsu
Under Xi Jinping, the Chinese state has asserted authoritarian control over many aspects
of civil society. Yet there is evidence that Chinese citizens are continuing to mobilize
and organize with relative levels of success. This article examines one mechanism that
prevents the Chinese state from eliminating civil society: the political ideology of suzhi
(素质), translated as ‘quality’ in English. In the post-Mao era, the Chinese Communist
Party (CCP) has increasingly invested its ...Read more > | 21 Pages 137.59 KB |
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 | CHINA’S RISE AS A GLOBAL SECURITY ACTOR: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATO By Meia Nouwens, Helena Legarda
‘We recognise that China’s growing influence and international policies present both opportunities and challenges that we need to address together as an Alliance.’1
With these words in the December 2019 London
Declaration, NATO leaders made clear that China has
become a new strategic point of focus for the Alliance.
Despite the careful language, this shift reflects growing concern among NATO members over China’s
geopolitical rise and its growing power-projection capabilities, as ...Read more > | 21 Pages 4.31 MB |
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 | CHINA’S SOFT POWER IN EUROPE By The European Think-tank Network on China
Based on separate analyses of 17 countries and EU institutions, this report concludes that Chinese
soft power in Europe – defined as the ability to influence preferences through attraction or
persuasion – has fallen on hard times.
– Developing soft power has been a pillar of Chinese foreign policy and remains a stated goal of
China’s long-term policy orientation.
– We identify three prominent Chinese approaches to developing soft power in Europe: promoting
Chinese language and ...Read more > | 117 Pages 3.12 MB |
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 | CHINA’S SYSTEM FACE TO FACE By by the China Aerospace Studies Institute
The Yangzi and Yellow Rivers race on without ceasing. In our vast land, time passes on. During
5,000 years, 180 years, 100 years, 70 years, 40 years, 8 years…as the wheel of time rolls forward,
these points in history tell the story of the Chinese people’s vicissitudes in life and the glory of
their ordeal. General Secretary Xi Jinping, from a deep historical perspective, has clearly noted
that, “the socialist state and legal systems with Chinese characteristics has been formed over a ...Read more > | 196 Pages 1.19 MB |
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 | HOW CHINA LENDS A RARE LOOK INTO 100 DEBT CONTRACTS WITH FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS By Anna Gelpern, Sebastian Horn, Scott Morris, Brad Parks, and Christoph Trebesch
The Chinese government and its state-owned banks have lent record amounts to governments in lowand middle-income countries since the early 2000s, making China the world’s largest official creditor.
Although several recent studies examine the economics of Chinese lending, we still lack basic facts
about how China and its state-owned entities lend—in particular, how the loan contracts are written
and what terms and conditions they contain.
1 Neither Chinese creditors nor their sovereign ...Read more > | 85 Pages 1.54 MB |
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 | PEOPLE S LIBERATION ARMY OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS By Edmund J. Burke, Kristen Gunness, Cortez A. Cooper III, Mark Cozad
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n his report to the 19th Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Congress in 2017, President Xi Jinping
called for the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to complete its force modernization effort by 2035
and field a world-class military capable of fighting and winning wars in any theater of operations
by 2050 (“Full Text of Xi Jinping’s Report at 19th CPC National Congress,” 2017). The PLA has ...Read more > | 32 Pages 501.66 KB |
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 | CHINESE STRATEGY, MILITARY FORCES, AND ECONOMICS: THE METRICS OF COOPERATION, COMPETITION AND/OR CONFLICT By Anthony H. Cordesman
China’s actions, and its rapid emergence as a major regional military power, has led the U.S. to focus its military and
strategic planning on China as one of two critical threats. Along with Russia, it has become the central focus of U.S.
security planning in both the new National Security Strategy (NSS) that the President issued in December 2017,and in the
new National Defense Strategy (NDS) that the Secretary of Defense issued early in 2018. ...Read more > | 190 Pages 10.19 MB |
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 | CHINA AND THE U.S.: COOPERATION, COMPETITION AND/OR CONFLICT By Anthony H. Cordesman, Arleigh A. Burke
This report is an experimental net assessment that addresses China s emergence as a global superpower, and its competition with the United
States. The report is entitled China and the U.S.: Cooperation, Competition and/or Conflict. The entire report, and the report is available on the
CSIS web site in several forms:
• Key sections are available on the CSIS web site in PDF form by clicking on each section title. The size of some of these PowerPoints may
present problems for some IT ...Read more > | 645 Pages 20.37 MB |
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